41 For Freedom

41 for Freedom refers to the US Navy Fleet Ballistic Missile (FBM) submarines from the George Washington, Ethan Allen, Lafayette, James Madison, and Benjamin Franklin classes. All of these submarines were commissioned 1959–1967, as the goal was to create a credible, survivable sea-based deterrent as quickly as possible. These submarines were nicknamed “41 for Freedom” once the goal of 41 nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) was established in the early 1960s. The 1972 SALT I Treaty limited the number of American submarine-launched ballistic missile tubes to 656, based on the total missile tubes of the forty-one submarines, in line with the treaty’s goal of limiting strategic nuclear weapons to the number already existing.^[3]

Overview

The United States had deployed nuclear weapons aboard submarines for the purpose of deterrence since 1959, using the SSM-N-8 Regulus cruise missile. However, this was intended to act merely as a stopgap, as the Regulus was limited both by its size—the greatest number of missiles capable of being taken to sea was five aboard USS Halibut—and by its range and speed, as well as by the submarine’s requirement to surface to launch a missile. The intention was that the main element of the US Navy’s contribution to the strategic nuclear deterrent be a ballistic missile–armed submarine. The “41 for Freedom” ballistic missile submarines were armed with submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) to create a deterrent force against the threat of nuclear war with any foreign power threatening the United States during the Cold War.

The US Navy created a new submarine classification for these boats: SSBN. The first of the “41 for Freedom” submarines to be completed was USS George Washington, which was commissioned on 30 December 1959. The final boat to enter service was USS Will Rogers, which was commissioned on 1 April 1967. The 41 submarines were ultimately superseded in service by the Ohio class, the first of which was commissioned in 1981.

USS Kamehameha, operating as a SEAL platform in her later years, was decommissioned on 2 April 2002, the last boat of the original “41 for Freedom” submarines in commission, and the oldest submarine in the US Navy. Almost 37 years old, she held the record for the longest service lifetime of any nuclear-powered submarine. In the late 2010s, two boats, USS Daniel Webster and USS Sam Rayburn, though decommissioned, continued to serve as moored training ships, attached to Naval Nuclear Power School at Charleston, South Carolina until they too were eventually retired.

Courtesy of Wikipedia

The “41 for Freedom” nuclear-powered submarines were armed with long-range SLBMs to create a deterrent force against the threat of nuclear war with the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

The United States Navy created a new hull classification symbol for this type of submarine, the SSBN. The first of the “41 for Freedom” submarines was the USS George Washington (SSBN-598) commissioned on 30 December 1959. The last submarine commissioned for the “41 for Freedom” submarines was the USS Will Rogers (SSBN-659) which was formally decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 12 April 1993, though she was not the last FBM submarine decommissioned.

In July 1992, USS Kamehameha (SSBN-642) was converted to a SEAL special warfare platform and was outfitted with a drydeck shelter/swimmer delivery platform. Kamehameha was decommissioned on 2 April 2002, the last ship of the original “41 for Freedom” and the oldest submarine in the United States Navy. Almost 37 years old, she held the record for the longest service lifetime of any nuclear powered submarine.

Courtesy SSBN655 Association – contact SSBN655 Webmaster

Class overview
Name	Five classes:George WashingtonEthan AllenLafayetteJames MadisonBenjamin Franklin
Operators	United States Navy
Preceded by	Regulus missile submarines
Succeeded by	Ohio class
Built	1 November 1958 to 20 March 1965
Completed	41
Active	0
Lost	0
Retired	39
Preserved	2
General characteristics
Length	381–425 ft (116–130 m) (depending on class)[1]
Beam	33 feet (10 m)[1]
Draft	31 feet (9.4 m)[1]
Speed	20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)[1]
Test depth	In excess of 400 ft (120 m)[1]
Complement	14 officers, 140 enlisted[1]
Armament	4 × 21-inch (533 mm) bow torpedo tubes16 × SLBMs depending upon class and vessel:[2]UGM-27 Polaris A1, A2, or A3UGM-73 Poseidon C3UGM-96A Trident I C4